Early European Settlements
Roanoke Colony
Important People
- Queen Elizabeth I- Queen of England 1533-1603
- King Philip II of Spain 1527-1598- Attempted to attack the English with the Spanish Armada
- Sir Walter Raleigh- One of the Queen's most trusted advisers
- John White- Roanoke's first governor
- Sir Francis Drake- English sea captain
Important Information
- Roanoke is located off the coast of present day North Carolina
- There were two Attempts to colonize Roanoke (both failed)
- John White was elected the Governor of Roanoke
- John White was the only survivor to return back to England from second attempt at colonization
- John White was delayed due to the Spanish Armada attacking the English (1588)
- The only clue left from the colony was the word "CROATOAN" carved into a tree
- Virginia Dare- John White's granddaughter, was named after the colony (Virginia)
Vocabulary
- Charter- A document that permitted colonists to settle on land claimed by their ruler
- Armada- A large fleet of ships
- Northwest Passage- A water route through North America to Asia
- Profit- The amount of money remaining after the costs of a business have been paid
- Dutch East India Company- A group of merchants who wanted to trade with Asia. They agreed to pay for expeditions in return for profits
- Virginia- Named after Queen Elizabeth I
- CROATOAN- Word left on a tree, found by John White
Images from:
http://www.historicalportraits.com, http://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2015/08/roanoke-croaton.jpg, http://www.lost-colony.com/mapvillages.jpg
http://www.historicalportraits.com, http://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2015/08/roanoke-croaton.jpg, http://www.lost-colony.com/mapvillages.jpg
Jamestown
Important People
- John Smith- An adventurer who helped the Jamestown Colony survive by stating: "He that will not work shall not eat."
- Pocahontas- Daughter of Chief Powhatan, saved John Smith, and married John Rolfe.
- John Rolfe- Found a solution for the struggling colony. Harvested tobacco as a cash crop.
Images from: http://thewallmachine.com/files/1355246871.jpg
Important Information
- Jamestown was built on swampy land near Chesapeake Bay.
- Salty water, the Powhatan, and disease carrying mosquitoes caused problems for the colonists.
- Jamestown was the first successful colony for the English.
- John Smith took charge of the colony helping it to survive.
- Pocahontas saved John Smith and married John Rolfe.
- John Rolfe introduced tobacco to the colony.
- Colonists struggled during the winter of 1609-1610. Known as the "Starving Time".
- First attempt at self government with the House of Burgesses.
Vocabulary
- Powhatan- Native American group and name of the leader of the Powhatan people.
- Stock- Shares of ownership in a company.
- Cash Crop- A crop that is sold for money.
- Indentured Servants- Servants who agreed to work for 5-7 years to repay a debt.
- House of Burgesses- Made laws for the colony.
Plymouth
Important People
- King James I- King of England, allowed Pilgrims to settle in Virginia.
- Massasoit- Leader of the Wampanoag.
- Squanto- Belonged to the Wampanoag community. He was captured by the Spanish, but escaped back to England and returned to Virginia.
- Samoset- Wampanoag who helped the Pilgrims.
- William Bradford- A Pilgrim who wrote a book about Plymouth.
Images from: http://www.downloadbible.us/hires/King-James-I-England.jpg, https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/43/91543-004-9C526955.jpg, https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/33/3e/19/333e195f58b6d3d8a592b7d4c50dc774.jpg, https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/09/163309-004-C1870CCE.jpg
Important Information
- Colonists may have starved without the help of the Wampanoag.
- Pilgrims sailed on the a boat called the "Mayflower".
- Mayflower Compact helped to plant the idea of self government.
- The Pilgrims first winter was harsh and many went hungry.
- Squanto stayed with the Pilgrims and helped them to learn techniques on planting crops.
- The Pilgrims and the Wampanoag had the first Thanksgiving.
Vocabulary
- Protestants- Members of the church of England who protested against the Catholic Church.
- Pilgrims- Protestants that moved to the Netherlands for religious purposes.
- Mayflower Compact- An agreement that would serve as a form of government.
- Sachem- Leader